Lesson 3

What Are Probabilities?

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Lesson Narrative

In this lesson students begin to assign probabilities to chance events. They understand that the greater the probability, the more likely the event will occur. They define an outcome as a possible result for a chance experiment. They learn that the sample space is the set of all possible outcomes, and understand that a process is called random when the outcome of an experiment is based on chance. They reason that if there are \(n\) equally likely outcomes for a chance experiment, they construct the argument (MP3) that the probability of each of these outcomes is \(\frac{1}{n}\).

In future lessons students will be asked to design and use simulations. Each lesson leading up to that helps prepare students by giving them hands-on experience with different types of chance experiments they could choose to use in their simulations. In this lesson students work with drawing paper slips out of a bag.


Learning Goals

Teacher Facing

  • Generalize (orally) the relationship between the probability of an event and the number of possible outcomes in the sample space, for an experiment in which each outcome in the sample space is equally likely.
  • List (in writing) the sample space of a simple chance experiment.
  • Use the sample space to determine the probability of an event, and express it as a fraction, decimal, or percentage.

Student Facing

Let’s find out what's possible.

Required Materials

Required Preparation

Print and cut up slips from the What's in the Bag? blackline master. One copy is needed for every 4 students. Each set of slips should be put into a paper bag.

Learning Targets

Student Facing

  • I can use the sample space to calculate the probability of an event when all outcomes are equally likely.
  • I can write out the sample space for a simple chance experiment.

CCSS Standards

Addressing

Glossary Entries

  • probability

    The probability of an event is a number that tells how likely it is to happen. A probability of 1 means the event will always happen. A probability of 0 means the event will never happen.

    For example, the probability of selecting a moon block at random from this bag is \(\frac45\).

    image representing a bag containing blocks
  • random

    Outcomes of a chance experiment are random if they are all equally likely to happen.

  • sample space

    The sample space is the list of every possible outcome for a chance experiment.

    For example, the sample space for tossing two coins is:

    heads-heads tails-heads
    heads-tails tails-tails

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Additional Resources

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