Lesson 16

Round and Round Again

Warm-up: Number Talk: More Groups, Fewer Groups (10 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this Number Talk is to elicit strategies and understandings students have for products of 4 and 6 as they relate to products of 5. These understandings help students develop fluency and will be helpful later when students consider solutions for and solve two-step word problems.

When students use products of 5 to determine products of 4 by thinking of them as one fewer group or one fewer object in each group, or work from products of 5 to determine products of 6 by thinking of them as one more group or one more object in each group, they look for and make use of structure (MP7).

Launch

  • Display one expression.
  • “Give me a signal when you have an answer and can explain how you got it.”
  • 1 minute: quiet think time

Activity

  • Record answers and strategy.
  • Keep expressions and work displayed.
  • Repeat with each expression.

Student Facing

Find the value of each expression mentally.

  • \(5 \times 7\)
  • \(4 \times 7\)
  • \(6 \times 7\)
  • \(4 \times 8\)

Student Response

For access, consult one of our IM Certified Partners.

Activity Synthesis

  • “How does knowing \(5\times7\) help you find some of the other products?” (I can remove a group of 7 to find \(4\times7\) or add a group of 7 to find \(6\times7\).)
  • Consider asking:
    • “Who can restate _____’s reasoning in a different way?”
    • “Did anyone have the same strategy but would explain it differently?”
    • “Did anyone approach the problem in a different way?”
    • “Does anyone want to add on to _____’s strategy?”

Activity 1: All the Numbers (15 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this activity is for students to apply what they learned about rounding in prior lessons to think about all the numbers that would round to a given number. Students should be encouraged to use whatever representations make sense to them. Although the number line is often used to represent rounding, it is also worth sharing other ways that students are representing or thinking about rounding.

MLR8 Discussion Supports. Synthesis: Some students may benefit from the opportunity to rehearse what they will say with a partner before they share with the whole class.
Advances: Speaking

Launch

  • Groups of 2
  • “Diego is thinking of a number. When you round Diego's number to the nearest ten, the answer is 40. What's a number that could be Diego's number? What's a number that could not be Diego's number?” (38 rounds to 40 so it could be his number. 34 does not round to 40 so it couldn't be his number.)
  • 30 seconds: quiet think time
  • Share 3–5 responses. Highlight the idea that more than one number can round to 40 and that some numbers are greater than 40 and some are less than 40.

Activity

  • “Work with your partner on all these problems. Be sure to justify your reasoning.”
  • 5–7 minutes: partner work time

Student Facing

  1. What are all the numbers that would round to 50 if you're rounding to the nearest ten? You can use this number line if it helps you.

    Number line. Scale 30 to 60 by 10's.
  2. What are all the numbers that would round to 70 if you're rounding to the nearest ten?
  3. What are all the numbers that would round to 600 if you're rounding to the nearest hundred?

If you finish early, find the numbers that would round to 100 and to 500 if you’re rounding to the nearest hundred. Compare your lists with a partner's lists and discuss patterns you see.

Student Response

For access, consult one of our IM Certified Partners.

Advancing Student Thinking

If students don’t find all the numbers that round to the given number, consider asking:

  • “How did you determine that these numbers would round to ____?”
  • “How could you use a number line to find all the numbers that round to ___?”

Activity Synthesis

  • “How did you decide what numbers would round to 40?” (We looked at all the numbers that are closer to 40 than 50 or 30.)
  • Consider asking:
    • “What does 35 round to?” (40 because it is halfway between 30 and 40)
    • “What does 45 round to?” (50 because it is halfway between 40 and 50)
  • “Look at your responses for the first 2 problems. What patterns do you see in the numbers? Why is that happening?” (I see they each start with a 5 in the ones place below it because it’s halfway to the nearest ten, and the numbers end with a 4 in the ones place because that is closer than the next ten.)
  • “How did you use what you learned from the first 2 problems to think about the last problem?” (Instead of thinking about fives, we thought about fifties. We looked at all the numbers that are closer to 600 than 500 or 700.)
  • Consider asking:
    • “What does 550 round to?” (600 because it is halfway between 500 and 600.)
    • “What does 650 round to?” (700 because it is halfway between 600 and 700.)

Activity 2: What’s My Mystery Number? (20 minutes)

Narrative

The purpose of this activity is for students to apply what they’ve learned about rounding to play a game in which each student generates a mystery number with three clues. The three clues describe whether the mystery number is even or odd, what it rounds to, and two numbers that it’s between. It is possible that more than one number can fit the clues provided. In the synthesis, students reflect on which clues were most helpful for determining the mystery number.

Action and Expression: Internalize Executive Functions. Check for understanding by inviting students to rephrase directions in their own words. Keep a display of directions visible throughout the activity.
Supports accessibility for: Memory, Organization

Required Materials

Materials to Gather

Required Preparation

  • Each student needs an index card.

Launch

  • Groups of 4
  • “We’re going to play a game in which you have to guess a mystery number that someone in your group writes down.”
  • Choose a mystery number and give the class three clues. Play a round of the game with the class and discuss the clues. Consider using 275 and these clues:
    • “My mystery number is odd.”
    • “My mystery number rounds to 300.”
    • “My mystery number is between 270 and 278.”
  • “You’ll give your group three clues by finishing three sentences. The first clue should tell whether the number is even or odd. Take a couple minutes to choose a mystery number and write down your three clues.”
  • 2 minutes: independent work time

Activity

  • “Now, you’re going to play the game with your group. Everyone will get a chance to share the clues for their mystery number. If you have time, you can each create a new mystery number with three new clues.”
  • 12–15 minutes: small-group work time

Student Facing

Write down a number between 100 and 1,000 on your index card. This is your mystery number.

Fold your index card in half so that no one can see your mystery number. ​​​​

Can you guess the mystery number?

Write down 3 clues about your mystery number by finishing these sentences:

  1. My mystery number is (odd or even) _____.
  2. My mystery number rounds to _____.
  3. My mystery number is between _____ and _____.

Play What’s My Number?

  1. Read the clues for your mystery number.
  2. Starting with the person on your right, have every member in your team try to guess your mystery number and explain their reasoning.
  3. If they haven’t guessed the mystery number by the time the last person shares, reveal the mystery number.
  4. Repeat steps 1 through 3 with the next person in the group reading the clues for their mystery number.

Student Response

For access, consult one of our IM Certified Partners.

Activity Synthesis

  • “As you played the game, what clues were the most helpful and why?” (Knowing how the mystery number would round to the nearest ten was really helpful because that really narrowed it down. Knowing the numbers the mystery number was between was helpful if it was something like 150 and 160, but not if it was between 100 and 200.)

Lesson Synthesis

Lesson Synthesis

“In the last few lessons we learned about rounding to the nearest ten and hundred. What are some important things you have found helpful to remember when you are rounding?” (When rounding to the nearest ten or hundred, we round up if a number is in the middle between two multiples of 10 or 100. We can write the number on a number line to see the nearby multiples of 10 or 100. We can think about the nearest ten or hundred.)

Cool-down: What is Clare’s Mystery Number? (5 minutes)

Cool-Down

For access, consult one of our IM Certified Partners.

Student Section Summary

Student Facing

In this section, we learned that rounding is a formal way to decide what number a given number is closest to. We rounded numbers to the nearest ten and the nearest hundred. We saw that a number line can help us see the closest multiple of 10 or 100.

Number line. Scale 0 to 100 by 10's. A point between 50 and 55.