Lesson 18

 

The table shows the weight and fuel efficiency of 18 different cars.

car	weight (kg)	fuel efficiency (mpg)
A	\(1,\!549\)	25
B	\(1,\!610\)	20
C	\(1,\!737\)	21
D	\(1,\!777\)	20
E	\(1,\!486\)	23
F	\(1,\!962\)	16
G	\(2,\!384\)	16
H	\(1,\!957\)	19
I	\(2,\!212\)	16
J	\(1,\!115\)	29
K	\(2,\!068\)	18
L	\(1,\!663\)	19
M	\(2,\!216\)	18
N	\(1,\!432\)	25
O	\(1,\!987\)	18
P	\(1,\!580\)	26
Q	\(1,\!234\)	30
R	\(1,\!656\)	23

The data points in the table are shown in this scatter plot.

You can hide the expressions list using the double arrow. You can click on a point to see its coordinates.

 

1. Which point in the scatter plot represents Car L’s measurements? Drag the circle around the correct point.

2. What is the fuel efficiency of the car with the greatest weight?

3. What is the weight of the car with the greatest fuel efficiency?

4. Car S weighs 1,912 kilograms and gets 16 miles per gallon. On the scatter plot, plot a point that represents Car S’s measurements.

5. Cars N and O, shown in the scatter plot, are made by the same company. Compare their weights and fuel efficiencies. Does anything surprise you about these cars?

6. A different company makes Cars F and G. Compare their weights and fuel efficiencies. Does anything surprise you about these cars?

A clothing store keeps track of the average monthly temperature in degrees Celsius and coat sales in dollars.

1. What does the point \((15, 680)\) represent?
2. For the month with the lowest average temperature, estimate the total amount made from coat sales. Explain how you used the table to find this information.
3. For the month with the smallest coat sales, estimate the average monthly temperature. Explain how you used the scatter plot to find this information.
4. If there were a point at \((0, A)\) what would it represent? Use the scatter plot to estimate a value for \(A\).
5. What would a point at \((B, 0)\) represent? Use the scatter plot to estimate a value for \(B\).
6. Would it make sense to use this trend to estimate the value of sales when the average monthly temperature is 60 degrees Celsius? Explain your reasoning.

Scatter plots show two measurements for each individual from a group. For example, this scatter plot shows the weight and height for each dog from a group of 25 dogs. 

We can see that the tallest dogs are 27 inches, and that one of those tallest dogs weighs about 75 pounds while the other weighs about 110 pounds. This shows us that dog weight is not a function of dog height because there would be two different outputs for the same input. But we can see a general trend: Taller dogs tend to weigh more than shorter dogs. There are exceptions. For example, there is a dog that is 18 inches tall and weighs over 50 pounds, and there is another dog that is 21 inches tall but weighs less than 30 pounds.

When we collect data by measuring attributes like height, weight, area, or volume, we call the data numerical data (or measurement data), and we say that height, weight, area, or volume is a numerical variable. Upcoming lessons will discuss how to identify and describe trends in data that has been collected.