K.4 Understanding Addition and Subtraction

Unit Goals

  • Students relate counting to addition and solve addition and subtraction story problems within 10.

Section A Goals

  • Understand addition as putting together and subtraction as taking from.

Section B Goals

  • Represent and solve Add To, Result Unknown and Take From, Result Unknown story problems within 10.

Section C Goals

  • Find the value of addition and subtraction expressions within 10.
  • Relate addition and subtraction expressions to story problems.
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Section A: Count to Add and Subtract

Problem 1

 
Green and orange pattern blocks.




There are

Handwriting lines.




squares.




There are

Handwriting lines.




triangles.




There are

Handwriting lines.




shapes.

Solution

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Problem 2

 
Orange pattern blocks. Green pattern blocks.




There are

Handwriting lines.




shapes.

Orange pattern blocks.




There are

Handwriting lines.




squares.

Green pattern blocks.




There are

Handwriting lines.




triangles.

Solution

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Problem 3

Count out 4 counters.
Add 1 more.




There are

Handwriting lines.




counters.

Count out 6 counters.
Add 1 more.




There are

Handwriting lines.




counters.

Count out 8 counters.
Add 1 more.




There are

Handwriting lines.




counters.

Solution

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Problem 4

Count out 8 counters.
Take away 2 counters.




There are

Handwriting lines.




counters.

Count out 6 counters.
Take away 2 counters.




There are

Handwriting lines.




counters.

Count out 4 counters.
Take away 2 counters.




There are

Handwriting lines.




counters.

Solution

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Problem 5

Exploration

Start with a full 5-frame.

Player 1 rolls a cube on the number mat and takes away or adds that number of counters while player 2 is not looking.

Then player 2 figures out what player 1 did.

Players take turns switching roles.

Solution

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Problem 6

Exploration

Roll a cube onto a number mat.
Count out that number of counters.

Roll a cube again onto the number mat.
Count out that number of counters.
How many counters do you have in all?

Solution

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Problem 7

Exploration

Pick a number from the list to put in the blank space.

2

7

6

3

Then try the problem you made.

Count out 8 counters.

Take away \(\underline{\hspace{1 cm}}\) counters.

How many counters are left?

After you try the problem you made, try it again with a different number in the blank space.

Do you think your answer will be the same or different?
Explain.

Solution

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Section B: Represent and Solve Story Problems

Problem 1

Tell your partner a story using the picture.

5 penguin near water and rocks.

Solution

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Problem 2

Show what happens in the story with counters.

There are 5 snails crawling in the grass.
Then 3 snails came to join them.
Then 2 of the snails crawled away.

Solution

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Problem 3

Jada has 5 connecting cubes.

Han gives Jada 2 more connecting cubes.

How many connecting cubes does Jada have now?

Handwriting lines.

Solution

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Problem 4

There were 8 cars in the parking lot.

All 8 of the cars left after school.

How many cars are in the parking lot now?

Handwriting lines.

Solution

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Problem 5

There were 9 crabs on the beach.

Then 5 of them scurried away into the ocean.

How many crabs are on the beach now?

Handwriting lines.

Circle the representation that matches the story.

5 frame, full. Below, 4 counters. 5 counters crossed out.

5 frame, full. Below, 3 counters.

Solution

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Problem 6

There are 4 cups of milk on the table.

Jada puts 2 more cups of milk on the table.

How many cups are on the table altogether?

Make a drawing to show the story.

Handwriting lines.

Solution

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Problem 7

There are 7 crows in the tree.

Then 3 more crows fly into the tree.

How many crows are in the tree altogether?

Show your thinking using drawings, numbers, words, or objects.

Handwriting lines.

Solution

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Problem 8

Exploration

There are 6 dolphins swimming around the boat.

Complete the story in two different ways.

Solve your problems or share with a partner and solve your partner's problems.

Solution

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Problem 9

Exploration

Tell a story problem that goes with each drawing.

  1.  
    Circles, 2 rows. Top 6 circles, bottom 3 circles.
  2.  
    7 Circles. 6 Crossed out.

Solution

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Problem 10

Exploration

These three story problems are not finished yet.
Finish the story problems with your own questions.
Then solve the story problems you made.

  1. Noah had 4 erasers.
    Clare gave him 3 erasers.

  2. Tyler had 3 pencils.
    Tyler found 2 more pencils.

  3. Elena had 6 markers.
    She lost 1 of her markers.

Solution

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Section C: Addition and Subtraction Expressions

Problem 1

There are 5 red apples in the bowl.
Lin puts 3 green apples in the bowl. 

How many apples are in the bowl?

Handwriting lines.

Circle the expression that matches the story problem.

\(5 + 3\)

\(5 - 3\)

\(8 - 5\)

Solution

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Problem 2

Draw a line from each expression to the matching drawing.

A:

\(5 + 2\)

B:

\(6 - 3\)

C:

\(6 + 2\)

D:

\(5 - 2\)

1:
6 circles. A line. 2 circles.

2:
5 circles. 2 crossed out.

3:
5 circles. A line. 2 circles.

4:
6 circles. 3 crossed out.

Solution

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Problem 3

Find the value of each expression.
Show your thinking using objects, drawings, numbers, or words.

\(3 + 5\)

Handwriting lines.

\(7 - 1\)

Handwriting lines.

Solution

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Problem 4

Find the value of each expression.
Show your thinking using objects, drawings, numbers, or words.

\(5 + 0\)

Handwriting lines.

\(5 + 1\)

Handwriting lines.

\(6 + 0\)

Handwriting lines.

\(6 + 1\)

Handwriting lines.

Solution

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Problem 5

Exploration

Circle the expression that shows 8. 

\(1 + 6\)

\(5 + 3\)

\(6 + 3\)

What other expressions can you find that show 8?

Solution

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Problem 6

Exploration

2 circles. A line. 6 circles.

Tell a story that this picture might represent.

Solution

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