# Lesson 6

Increasing and Decreasing

Let’s use percentages to describe increases and decreases.

### 6.1: Improving Their Game

Here are the scores from 3 different sports teams from their last 2 games.

sports team total points in game 1 total points in game 2
football team 22 30
baseball team 4 12
1. What do you notice about the teams’ scores? What do you wonder?
2. Which team improved the most? Explain your reasoning.

### 6.2: More Cereal and a Discounted Shirt

1. ​​

A cereal box says that now it contains 20% more. Originally, it came with 18.5 ounces of cereal. How much cereal does the box come with now?

2. ​​

The price of a shirt is $18.50, but you have a coupon that lowers the price by 20%. What is the price of the shirt after using the coupon? ### 6.3: Using Tape Diagrams 1. Match each situation to a diagram. Be prepared to explain your reasoning. 1. Compared with last year’s strawberry harvest, this year’s strawberry harvest is a 25% increase. 2. This year’s blueberry harvest is 75% of last year’s. 3. Compared with last year, this year’s peach harvest decreased 25%. 4. This year’s plum harvest is 125% of last year’s plum harvest. 2. Draw a diagram to represent these situations. 1. The number of ducks living at the pond increased by 40%. 2. The number of mosquitoes decreased by 80%. What could it mean to say there is a 100% decrease in a quantity? Give an example of a quantity where this makes sense. ### 6.4: Agree or Disagree: Percentages Do you agree or disagree with each statement? Explain your reasoning. 1. Employee A gets a pay raise of 50%. Employee B gets a pay raise of 45%. So Employee A gets the bigger pay raise. 2. Shirts are on sale for 20% off. You buy two of them. As you pay, the cashier says, “20% off of each shirt means 40% off of the total price.” ### Summary Imagine that it takes Andre $$\frac34$$ more than the time it takes Jada to get to school. Then we know that Andre’s time is $$1\frac34$$ or 1.75 times Jada’s time. We can also describe this in terms of percentages: We say that Andre’s time is 75% more than Jada’s time. We can also see that Andre’s time is 175% of Jada’s time. In general, the terms percent increase and percent decrease describe an increase or decrease in a quantity as a percentage of the starting amount. For example, if there were 500 grams of cereal in the original package, then “20% more” means that 20% of 500 grams has been added to the initial amount, $$500+(0.2)\boldcdot 500=600$$, so there are 600 grams of cereal in the new package. We can see that the new amount is 120% of the initial amount because $$\displaystyle 500+(0.2)\boldcdot 500 = (1 + 0.2)500$$ ### Glossary Entries • percentage decrease A percentage decrease tells how much a quantity went down, expressed as a percentage of the starting amount. For example, a store had 64 hats in stock on Friday. They had 48 hats left on Saturday. The amount went down by 16. This was a 25% decrease, because 16 is 25% of 64. • percentage increase A percentage increase tell how much a quantity went up, expressed as a percentage of the starting amount. For example, Elena had$50 in the bank on Monday. She had $56 on Tuesday. The amount went up by$6.

This was a 12% increase, because 6 is 12% of 50.