Lesson 3

This Number Talk encourages students to think about adding multiples of 10 or 100. The expressions in this activity help students recognize that adding multiples of 10 to a number only changes the number in the tens place and adding multiples of 100 to a number only changes the number in the hundreds place when there is no need to compose a new ten or hundred. As students share their thinking, consider recording on an open number line.

• Display one expression.
• “Give me a signal when you have an answer and can explain how you got it.”
• 1 minute: quiet think time

• Record students’ thinking on an open number line and with equations.
• Keep expressions and work displayed.
• Repeat with each expression.

• “What patterns did you notice with these expressions?” (We added numbers that changed the tens place and numbers that changed the hundreds place. Only the number in the tens place or hundreds place changed depending on the number.)

The purpose of this activity is for students to consider counting back by place as a method for subtracting. Students analyze different methods for finding the value of a difference. After making connections between subtracting by place and counting back by decomposing the subtrahend, students try using an open number line to show their thinking. There is not an expectation for precision with the length of the jumps, as this representation is used as a tool to get students thinking about the idea of moving along the number line. The numbers are selected so that no decomposition is needed when subtracting by place value, allowing students to focus on the structure of subtracting tens from tens and ones from ones using base-ten blocks, base-ten diagrams, or the number line (MP7).

• Groups of 2
• Give students access to base-ten blocks.
• Display the images for Jada's work and Andre's work.
• “Jada and Andre both found the value of  ​\(375 - 24\)​, but thought about it a little differently.”
• “Take a minute to look at their work. What do you notice? What do you wonder?”
• 1–2 minutes: quiet think time
• 2 minutes: partner discussion
• Share responses.
• As needed:
  • “What did you notice about the representations?” (Jada used a base-ten diagram and Andre used a number line and equations. They showed subtraction with jumps and by crossing out.)
  • “Where in her representation can you see Jada subtracting 4 ones?” (She subtracts 4 by crossing out 4 ones.)
  • “Where in his representation can you see Andre subtracting 4 ones?” (He jumped 20 and then 4. So his second jump shows subtracting 4.)
• “We have been using base-ten blocks and base-ten diagrams to find differences.”
• “When we use these representations, we subtract by place, taking ones from ones and tens from tens.”
• “Another way we can find the difference is by counting back. We can use what we know about place value to count back in parts to make it easier.”

• “Now, try using Andre’s way to find the value of \(189 - 73\). Then, find the value of \(647 - 46\)  your own way.”
• 8 minutes: independent work time
• “Compare your work with a partner.”
• 2 minutes: partner discussion
• Monitor for students who:
  • represent their thinking using base-ten diagrams
  • represent their thinking using a number line
  • represent their thinking using equations

If students use base-ten diagrams without making the connection to counting on the number line, show jumps of 10 instead of a multiple of 10. For example, show 70 as 7 jumps of 10. Consider asking:

• “Where do you see the 7 tens on this number line representation?”
• “How does this connect to your base-ten representation?”

• Invite previously identified students to share for each expression.
• Consider sharing work from students who use base-ten diagrams and students who use number lines or equations to make connections and show reasoning about place value.
• “What is the same and what is different between _____’s representation and _____’s representation?”
• Highlight connections based on place value across representations.

The purpose of this activity is for students to analyze equations to determine the unknown value. Students use their understanding of place value and counting within 1,000 to find the value that makes each equation true. Students are given equations with an unknown addend and a sum that is a multiple of 100 or equations with a number that is subtracted from a multiple of 100. They use any method that works for them to find the numbers that make each equation true. Monitor for ways students use what they know about sums of 10 and 100 and counting on or back by place. They may also use an open number line or base-ten diagrams as needed to make sense of each equation or show their thinking. If they do use base-ten diagrams, look for ways they consider composing or decomposing units. All students will make sense of this method in upcoming lessons.

• Groups of 2
• Display the image for Diego’s equation.

• “Oh no! Diego spilled paint on his paper and now he can’t see all the numbers.”
• “What number do you think got smudged? How do you know?” (460 because \(540 + 60 = 600\) and \(600 + 400 = 1,\!000\))
• 30 seconds: quiet think time
• 1 minute: partner discussion
• Share responses.

• “Now you are going to work on a few more equations where Diego made a mess.”
• “How can sums of 10 help you think about these equations?” (\(3 + 7 = 10\) and \(30 + 70 = 100\))
• “You’ll work on your own first and then have time to share with a partner.”
• 4 minutes: independent work time
• “I know you may not have finished all of the problems. That is okay.”
• “Compare with a partner and solve the rest together if you’d like.”
• 6 minutes: partner work
• Monitor for students who find \(900 - 370 = 530\) by:
  • counting on by hundreds then tens
  • counting on by tens then hundreds
  • counting back by hundreds then tens
  • using a number line to keep track of their method

• Invite previously identified students to share how they found the value of \(900 - 370\).
• Display \(370 + {?} = 900\).
• “How could this expression help us think about this problem?” (You can start at 370 and count up to 900 to find the difference.)